{"id":3589,"date":"2026-03-20T17:01:01","date_gmt":"2026-03-20T16:01:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/protestantsdanslaville.org\/wordpress\/?p=3589"},"modified":"2026-03-20T17:06:33","modified_gmt":"2026-03-20T16:06:33","slug":"lexemple-de-byzance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/protestantsdanslaville.org\/wordpress\/lexemple-de-byzance\/","title":{"rendered":"L&rsquo;exemple de Byzance"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">article paru dans l&rsquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reforme.net\/oeil-reforme\/\">\u0152il de R\u00e9forme<\/a> du 19 mars 2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Alors que l&rsquo;on pr\u00f4ne soit la&nbsp;pr\u00e9paration \u00e0 la&nbsp;guerre soit le&nbsp;pacifisme, il&nbsp;est bon de se&nbsp;rappeler les&nbsp;positions de&nbsp;l&rsquo;\u00c9glise orthodoxe sous l&rsquo;Empire byzantin. Contrairement \u00e0&nbsp;l&rsquo;Occident, elle n&rsquo;a jamais formul\u00e9 une&nbsp;doctrine positive de la&nbsp;guerre&nbsp;: celle-ci peut \u00eatre certes n\u00e9cessaire ou l\u00e9gitime, mais demeure toujours un&nbsp;mal moral.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Elle s&rsquo;appuyait notamment sur Basile de&nbsp;C\u00e9sar\u00e9e (329-379), qui affirme que les&nbsp;soldats ayant tu\u00e9 \u00e0&nbsp;la&nbsp;guerre ne sont pas des&nbsp;meurtriers au&nbsp;sens strict mais qu&rsquo;ils doivent n\u00e9anmoins s&rsquo;abstenir de&nbsp;communion pendant un&nbsp;temps, car l&rsquo;effusion de&nbsp;sang reste spirituellement probl\u00e9matique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Elle refusa, \u00e0 son&nbsp;honneur, d&rsquo;appeler \u00e0 la&nbsp;guerre sainte \u00e0&nbsp;l&rsquo;instar du&nbsp;djihad des&nbsp;musulmans qui pourtant mena\u00e7ait la&nbsp;survie m\u00eame de&nbsp;l&#8217;empire. Lorsque l&#8217;empereur Nic\u00e9phore&nbsp;II Phocas (963-969) demanda que les&nbsp;soldats tomb\u00e9s au&nbsp;combat soient \u00e9lev\u00e9s au&nbsp;rang de&nbsp;martyrs, le&nbsp;patriarche de&nbsp;Constantinople Polyeucte, soutenu par le&nbsp;Saint-Synode, s&rsquo;y opposa fermement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les Byzantins furent donc scandalis\u00e9s de&nbsp;voir arriver des&nbsp;pr\u00e9lats en&nbsp;armes parmi les&nbsp;crois\u00e9s, comme le relate Anne Comn\u00e8ne, fille de&nbsp;l&#8217;empereur, dans&nbsp;<em>L&rsquo;Alexiade<\/em>&nbsp;:&nbsp;<em>\u00ab&nbsp;Des&nbsp;pr\u00eatres parcouraient les&nbsp;rangs, rappelant \u00e0&nbsp;tous qu&rsquo;ils avaient pris la&nbsp;croix pour d\u00e9livrer le&nbsp;tombeau du&nbsp;Christ et qu&rsquo;il \u00e9tait juste de&nbsp;verser leur&nbsp;sang pour une&nbsp;cause si sainte.&nbsp;\u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour l&rsquo;Orthodoxie byzantine, la&nbsp;guerre peut \u00eatre tol\u00e9r\u00e9e pour d\u00e9fendre la&nbsp;communaut\u00e9 mais elle demeure moralement imparfaite&nbsp;: elle n&rsquo;en fit pas un&nbsp;acte m\u00e9ritoire. L&rsquo;Europe qui se r\u00e9arme face \u00e0 la&nbsp;menace russe me semble align\u00e9e sur cette&nbsp;position.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ce qui ne fut de loin pas le&nbsp;cas, en&nbsp;Occident, de&nbsp;tant de&nbsp;guerres offensives consid\u00e9r\u00e9es d&rsquo;abord saintes, puis civilisatrices, ou punitives comme nous le voyons plus pr\u00e8s de&nbsp;nous avec celles lanc\u00e9es par les&nbsp;\u00c9tats-Unis ou Isra\u00ebl.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>article paru dans l&rsquo;\u0152il de R\u00e9forme du 19 mars 2026 Alors que l&rsquo;on pr\u00f4ne soit la&nbsp;pr\u00e9paration \u00e0 la&nbsp;guerre soit le&nbsp;pacifisme, il&nbsp;est bon de se&nbsp;rappeler les&nbsp;positions de&nbsp;l&rsquo;\u00c9glise orthodoxe sous l&rsquo;Empire byzantin. Contrairement \u00e0&nbsp;l&rsquo;Occident, elle n&rsquo;a jamais formul\u00e9 une&nbsp;doctrine positive de la&nbsp;guerre&nbsp;: celle-ci peut \u00eatre certes n\u00e9cessaire ou l\u00e9gitime, mais demeure toujours un&nbsp;mal moral. Elle s&rsquo;appuyait notamment [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"external_author":[196],"cited_author":[],"publisher":[],"book_author":[],"class_list":["post-3589","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-articles","external_author-patrick-pluen"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/protestantsdanslaville.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3589","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/protestantsdanslaville.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/protestantsdanslaville.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/protestantsdanslaville.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/protestantsdanslaville.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3589"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/protestantsdanslaville.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3589\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3591,"href":"https:\/\/protestantsdanslaville.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3589\/revisions\/3591"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/protestantsdanslaville.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3589"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/protestantsdanslaville.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3589"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/protestantsdanslaville.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3589"},{"taxonomy":"external_author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/protestantsdanslaville.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/external_author?post=3589"},{"taxonomy":"cited_author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/protestantsdanslaville.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cited_author?post=3589"},{"taxonomy":"publisher","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/protestantsdanslaville.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publisher?post=3589"},{"taxonomy":"book_author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/protestantsdanslaville.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/book_author?post=3589"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}